EFECTO DE LA INTERFERENCIA DE DESTREZAS MOTRICES FUNDAMENTALES EN ADULTOS
Palabras clave:
práctica en bloque; práctica aleatoria; saltar; lanzar; batear; aprendizaje motor.
Resumen
El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar el efecto de la interferencia contextual (EIC) en patrones básicos de movimiento (PBM) en adultos. Diecisiete hombres y mujeres (M = 20.00 años, DE = 2.09), fueron evaluados en saltar a distancia y lanzar por encima del hombro en pretest y adquisición, y en batear en la prueba de transferencia, 10 minutos después de la adquisición. Las personas participantes fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a uno de dos grupos: práctica en bloque (PB) o aleatoria (PA). El entrenamiento tuvo una duración de una sesión. Al aplicar un ANOVA de 2 vías (grupo [2] x medición [2]) para cada destreza, se encontró una interacción significativa en saltar (p = 0.019), no así para lanzar. El grupo de PB y PA mejoraron significativamente el desempeño de las dos destrezas en la adquisición. En la medición de adquisición, en saltar, PA fue mejor que PB. No hay diferencia entre grupos en lanzar. La prueba t-Student indicó que en la prueba de transferencia el grupo de PA presentó un mejor desempeño en batear con respecto al PB (p = 0.029). En conclusión, los resultados apoyan la predicción EIC en la trasferencia en PBM en adultos. Se recomienda utilizar PA para un aprendizaje efectivo de los PBM en adultos.
Citas
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2. Magill R, Anderson D. Motor learning and control: Concepts and applications. 10th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education; 2013. 497 p.
3. Shea JB, Morgan RL. Contextual interference effects on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of a motor skill. J Exp Psychol [Hum Learn]. 1979;5(2):179.
4. Lee TD, Magill RA. The locus of contextual interference in motor-skill acquisition. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1983;9(4):730.
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7. Magill R, Hall KG. A review of the contextual interference effect in motor skill acquisition. Hum Mov Sci. 1990;9(3):241–89.
8. Kim T, Chen J, Verwey WB, Wright DL. Improving novel motor learning through prior high contextual interference training. Acta Psychol (Amst) [Internet]. enero de 2018;182:55–64. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.11.005
9. Li Y, Wright DL. An assessment of the attention demands during random-and blocked-practice schedules. Q J Exp Psychol Sect A [Internet]. 2000;53(2):591–606. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/027249800390628
10. Wegman E. Contextual interference effects on the acquisition and retention of fundamental motor skills. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 1999;88(1):182–7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1999.88.1.182
11. Pauwels L, Chalavi S, Gooijers J, Maes C, Albouy G, Sunaert S, et al. Challenge to Promote Change: The Neural Basis of the Contextual Interference Effect in Young and Older Adults. J Neurosci [Internet]. el 28 de marzo de 2018;38(13):3333–45. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2640-17.2018
12. Sadri K, Mohommadzadeh H, Khani M. The effect of contextual interference on acquisition and learning badminton skills among children aged from 10 to 12. Ann Appl Sport Sci. 2013;1(3):39–46.
13. Saemi E, Porter JM, Ghotbi Varzaneh A, Zarghami M, Shafinia P. Practicing along the contextual interference continuum: A comparison of three practice schedules in an elementary physical education setting. Kineziologija. 2012;44(2):191–8.
14. Broadbent DP, Causer J, Ford PR, Williams AM. Contextual interference effect on perceptual-cognitive skills training. Med Sci Sports Exerc [Internet]. 2015;47(6):1243–1250. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000530
15. Travlos AK. Specificity and variability of practice, and contextual interference in acquisition and transfer of an underhand volleyball serve. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 2010;110(1):298–312. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.110.1.298-312
16. Granda-Vera J, Alvarez-Barbero JC, Medina-Montilla M. Effects of different practice conditions on acquisition, retention, and transfer of soccer skills by 9-year-old school children. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 2008;106(2):447–60. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.106.2.447-460
17. Granda-Vera J, Medina-Montilla M. Practice schedule and acquisition, retention, and transfer of a throwing task in 6-yr.-old children. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 2003;96(3):1015–24. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.3.1015
18. Jiménez-Díaz J, Salazar W, Morera-Castro M. Meta-análisis del efecto de la interferencia contextual en el desempeño de destrezas motrices. Pensar En Mov Rev Cienc Ejerc Salud [Internet]. el 19 de septiembre de 2016 [citado el 3 de octubre de 2016];14(2). Disponible en: http://www.revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/pem/article/view/23830
19. Mazzardo O. Contextual interference: Is it supported across studies? [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad de Pittsburgh; 2004.
20. Brady F. Contextual interference: A meta-analytic study. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 2004;99(1):116–126. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.99.1.116-126
21. Gabbard CP. Lifelong Motor Development. 6th ed. San Francisco: Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company; 2012. 464 p.
22. Gallahue DL, Ozmun JC. Understanding Motor Development: Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults. 6a ed. McGraw-Hill Higher Education; 2005. 512 p.
23. Stodden DF, Goodway JD, Langendorfer SJ, Roberton MA, Rudisill ME, Garcia C, et al. A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest [Internet]. 2008;60(2):290–306. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
24. Cattuzzo MT, Dos Santos Henrique R, Ré AHN, de Oliveira IS, Melo BM, de Sousa Moura M, et al. Motor competence and health related physical fitness in youth: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport [Internet]. 2016;19(2):123–9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.12.004
25. Holfelder B, Schott N. Relationship of fundamental movement skills and physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Psychol Sport Exerc [Internet]. 2014;15(4):382–91. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.03.005
26. Robinson LE, Stodden DF, Barnett LM, Lopes VP, Logan SW, Rodrigues LP, et al. Motor Competence and its Effect on Positive Developmental Trajectories of Health. Sports Med [Internet]. el 23 de julio de 2015;45(9):1273–84. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6
27. Logan SW, Robinson LE, Wilson AE, Lucas WA. Getting the fundamentals of movement: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of motor skill interventions in children. Child Care Health Dev [Internet]. 2012;38(3):305–315. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01307.x
28. Hardy LL, Reinten-Reynolds T, Espinel P, Zask A, Okely AD. Prevalence and correlates of low fundamental movement skill competency in children. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2012;130(2):e390–e398. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-0345
29. Jiménez-Díaz J, Salazar W, Morera-Castro M. Age and gender differences in fundamental motor skills. Pensar En Mov Rev Cienc Ejerc Salud [Internet]. 2015;13(2):1–16. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.15517/pensarmov.v13i2.18327
30. O’ Brien W, Belton S, Issartel J. Fundamental movement skill proficiency amongst adolescent youth. Phys Educ Sport Pedagogy [Internet]. noviembre de 2016;21(6):557–71. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2015.1017451
31. Jiménez J, Salazar W, Morera M. Diseño y validación de un instrumento para la evaluación de patrones básicos de movimiento. Mot Eur J Hum Mov [Internet]. el 18 de diciembre de 2013;31(0):87–97. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.22579/20114680.48
32. Hair J, Anderson R, Tatham R, Black W. Análisis de datos multivariante. 1999;
33. Pauwels L, Swinnen SP, Beets IAM. Contextual Interference in Complex Bimanual Skill Learning Leads to Better Skill Persistence. PLoS ONE [Internet]. el 24 de junio de 2014;9(6):e100906. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100906
34. Rendell MA, Masters RS, Farrow D, Morris T. An implicit basis for the retention benefits of random practice. J Mot Behav [Internet]. 2011;43(1):1–13. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2010.530304
35. Bertollo M, Berchicci M, Carraro A, Comani S, Robazza C. Blocked and random practice organization in the learning of rhythmic dance step sequences. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 2010;110(1):77–84. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.110.1.77-84
36. Feghhi I, Abdoli B, Valizadeh R. Compare contextual interference effect and practice specificity in learning basketball free throw. Procedia-Soc Behav Sci [Internet]. 2011;15:2176–2180. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.075
37. Kalkhoran JF, Shariati A. The Effects of Contextual Interference on Learning Volleyball Motor Skills. J Phys Educ Sport. diciembre de 2012;12(4):550–6.
38. Meira CM, Tani G. The contextual interference effect in acquisition of dart-throwing skill tested on a transfer test with extended trials. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 2001;92(3):910–918. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.92.3.910
39. de Souza MGTX de, Nunes MES, Corrêa UC, Santos S dos. The Contextual Interference Effect on Sport-Specific Motor Learning in Older Adults. Hum Mov [Internet]. 2015;16(3):112–118. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1515/humo-2015-0036
40. Brady F. A theoretical and empirical review of the contextual interference effect and the learning of motor skills. Quest [Internet]. 1998;50(3):266–293. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1998.10484285
41. Hebert EP, Landin D, Solmon MA. Practice schedule effects on the performance and learning of low-and high-skilled students: An applied study. Res Q Exerc Sport [Internet]. 1996;67(1):52–58. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1998.10484285
42. Cheong JPG, Lay B, Razman R. Investigating the Contextual Interference Effect Using Combination Sports Skills in Open and Closed Skill Environments. J Sports Sci Med. marzo de 2016;15(1):167–75.
2. Magill R, Anderson D. Motor learning and control: Concepts and applications. 10th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education; 2013. 497 p.
3. Shea JB, Morgan RL. Contextual interference effects on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of a motor skill. J Exp Psychol [Hum Learn]. 1979;5(2):179.
4. Lee TD, Magill RA. The locus of contextual interference in motor-skill acquisition. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1983;9(4):730.
5. García-Herrero JAG, Moreno-Hernández FJM, Luis del Campo VL, Reina-Vaíllo RR. La organización de la práctica en las clases de educación física: El papel de la interferencia contextual y de la distribución de la práctica. Retos Nuevas Tend En Educ Física Deporte Recreación [Internet]. 2005;(8):19–23. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.20868/upm.thesis.49175
6. Wright DL, Verwey W, Buchanen J, Chen J, Rhee J, Immink M. Consolidating behavioral and neurophysiologic findings to explain the influence of contextual interference during motor sequence learning. Psychon Bull Rev [Internet]. 2015;1–21. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0887-3
7. Magill R, Hall KG. A review of the contextual interference effect in motor skill acquisition. Hum Mov Sci. 1990;9(3):241–89.
8. Kim T, Chen J, Verwey WB, Wright DL. Improving novel motor learning through prior high contextual interference training. Acta Psychol (Amst) [Internet]. enero de 2018;182:55–64. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.11.005
9. Li Y, Wright DL. An assessment of the attention demands during random-and blocked-practice schedules. Q J Exp Psychol Sect A [Internet]. 2000;53(2):591–606. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/027249800390628
10. Wegman E. Contextual interference effects on the acquisition and retention of fundamental motor skills. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 1999;88(1):182–7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1999.88.1.182
11. Pauwels L, Chalavi S, Gooijers J, Maes C, Albouy G, Sunaert S, et al. Challenge to Promote Change: The Neural Basis of the Contextual Interference Effect in Young and Older Adults. J Neurosci [Internet]. el 28 de marzo de 2018;38(13):3333–45. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2640-17.2018
12. Sadri K, Mohommadzadeh H, Khani M. The effect of contextual interference on acquisition and learning badminton skills among children aged from 10 to 12. Ann Appl Sport Sci. 2013;1(3):39–46.
13. Saemi E, Porter JM, Ghotbi Varzaneh A, Zarghami M, Shafinia P. Practicing along the contextual interference continuum: A comparison of three practice schedules in an elementary physical education setting. Kineziologija. 2012;44(2):191–8.
14. Broadbent DP, Causer J, Ford PR, Williams AM. Contextual interference effect on perceptual-cognitive skills training. Med Sci Sports Exerc [Internet]. 2015;47(6):1243–1250. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000530
15. Travlos AK. Specificity and variability of practice, and contextual interference in acquisition and transfer of an underhand volleyball serve. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 2010;110(1):298–312. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.110.1.298-312
16. Granda-Vera J, Alvarez-Barbero JC, Medina-Montilla M. Effects of different practice conditions on acquisition, retention, and transfer of soccer skills by 9-year-old school children. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 2008;106(2):447–60. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.106.2.447-460
17. Granda-Vera J, Medina-Montilla M. Practice schedule and acquisition, retention, and transfer of a throwing task in 6-yr.-old children. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 2003;96(3):1015–24. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.3.1015
18. Jiménez-Díaz J, Salazar W, Morera-Castro M. Meta-análisis del efecto de la interferencia contextual en el desempeño de destrezas motrices. Pensar En Mov Rev Cienc Ejerc Salud [Internet]. el 19 de septiembre de 2016 [citado el 3 de octubre de 2016];14(2). Disponible en: http://www.revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/pem/article/view/23830
19. Mazzardo O. Contextual interference: Is it supported across studies? [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad de Pittsburgh; 2004.
20. Brady F. Contextual interference: A meta-analytic study. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 2004;99(1):116–126. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.99.1.116-126
21. Gabbard CP. Lifelong Motor Development. 6th ed. San Francisco: Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company; 2012. 464 p.
22. Gallahue DL, Ozmun JC. Understanding Motor Development: Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults. 6a ed. McGraw-Hill Higher Education; 2005. 512 p.
23. Stodden DF, Goodway JD, Langendorfer SJ, Roberton MA, Rudisill ME, Garcia C, et al. A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest [Internet]. 2008;60(2):290–306. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
24. Cattuzzo MT, Dos Santos Henrique R, Ré AHN, de Oliveira IS, Melo BM, de Sousa Moura M, et al. Motor competence and health related physical fitness in youth: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport [Internet]. 2016;19(2):123–9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.12.004
25. Holfelder B, Schott N. Relationship of fundamental movement skills and physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Psychol Sport Exerc [Internet]. 2014;15(4):382–91. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.03.005
26. Robinson LE, Stodden DF, Barnett LM, Lopes VP, Logan SW, Rodrigues LP, et al. Motor Competence and its Effect on Positive Developmental Trajectories of Health. Sports Med [Internet]. el 23 de julio de 2015;45(9):1273–84. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6
27. Logan SW, Robinson LE, Wilson AE, Lucas WA. Getting the fundamentals of movement: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of motor skill interventions in children. Child Care Health Dev [Internet]. 2012;38(3):305–315. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01307.x
28. Hardy LL, Reinten-Reynolds T, Espinel P, Zask A, Okely AD. Prevalence and correlates of low fundamental movement skill competency in children. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2012;130(2):e390–e398. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-0345
29. Jiménez-Díaz J, Salazar W, Morera-Castro M. Age and gender differences in fundamental motor skills. Pensar En Mov Rev Cienc Ejerc Salud [Internet]. 2015;13(2):1–16. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.15517/pensarmov.v13i2.18327
30. O’ Brien W, Belton S, Issartel J. Fundamental movement skill proficiency amongst adolescent youth. Phys Educ Sport Pedagogy [Internet]. noviembre de 2016;21(6):557–71. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2015.1017451
31. Jiménez J, Salazar W, Morera M. Diseño y validación de un instrumento para la evaluación de patrones básicos de movimiento. Mot Eur J Hum Mov [Internet]. el 18 de diciembre de 2013;31(0):87–97. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.22579/20114680.48
32. Hair J, Anderson R, Tatham R, Black W. Análisis de datos multivariante. 1999;
33. Pauwels L, Swinnen SP, Beets IAM. Contextual Interference in Complex Bimanual Skill Learning Leads to Better Skill Persistence. PLoS ONE [Internet]. el 24 de junio de 2014;9(6):e100906. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100906
34. Rendell MA, Masters RS, Farrow D, Morris T. An implicit basis for the retention benefits of random practice. J Mot Behav [Internet]. 2011;43(1):1–13. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2010.530304
35. Bertollo M, Berchicci M, Carraro A, Comani S, Robazza C. Blocked and random practice organization in the learning of rhythmic dance step sequences. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 2010;110(1):77–84. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.110.1.77-84
36. Feghhi I, Abdoli B, Valizadeh R. Compare contextual interference effect and practice specificity in learning basketball free throw. Procedia-Soc Behav Sci [Internet]. 2011;15:2176–2180. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.075
37. Kalkhoran JF, Shariati A. The Effects of Contextual Interference on Learning Volleyball Motor Skills. J Phys Educ Sport. diciembre de 2012;12(4):550–6.
38. Meira CM, Tani G. The contextual interference effect in acquisition of dart-throwing skill tested on a transfer test with extended trials. Percept Mot Skills [Internet]. 2001;92(3):910–918. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.92.3.910
39. de Souza MGTX de, Nunes MES, Corrêa UC, Santos S dos. The Contextual Interference Effect on Sport-Specific Motor Learning in Older Adults. Hum Mov [Internet]. 2015;16(3):112–118. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1515/humo-2015-0036
40. Brady F. A theoretical and empirical review of the contextual interference effect and the learning of motor skills. Quest [Internet]. 1998;50(3):266–293. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1998.10484285
41. Hebert EP, Landin D, Solmon MA. Practice schedule effects on the performance and learning of low-and high-skilled students: An applied study. Res Q Exerc Sport [Internet]. 1996;67(1):52–58. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1998.10484285
42. Cheong JPG, Lay B, Razman R. Investigating the Contextual Interference Effect Using Combination Sports Skills in Open and Closed Skill Environments. J Sports Sci Med. marzo de 2016;15(1):167–75.
Publicado
2019-12-18
Cómo citar
Jimenez, J., & Morera-Castro, M. (2019, diciembre 18). EFECTO DE LA INTERFERENCIA DE DESTREZAS MOTRICES FUNDAMENTALES EN ADULTOS. Revista Horizonte Ciencias De La Actividad Física, 10(1), 1-15. Recuperado a partir de http://revistahorizonte.ulagos.cl/index.php/horizonte/article/view/140
Sección
CIENCIAS DEL DEPORTE Y EL ACONDICIONAMIENTO FÍSICO / SPORT SCIENCES AND PHYSICAL
