EFECTO DE LA PRÁCTICA MENTAL EN EL DESEMPEÑO DE UNA SECUENCIA DE DESTREZAS DE TAEKWONDO
EFECTO DE LA PRÁCTICA MENTAL EN EL DESEMPEÑO DE UNA SECUENCIA DE DESTREZAS DE TAEKWONDO
Palabras clave:
Práctica mental, Taekwondo, Aprendizaje motor, Practica Física, Desempeño Motor
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la práctica mental (PM) en el tiempo total (TT) al ejecutar una combinación de patadas. Un total de 15 integrantes de un equipo universitario de taekwondo, participaron voluntariamente y fueron distribuidos según: grado/cinturón y sexo, en un grupo de práctica física (PF) o PM. La investigación se desarrolló en dos sesiones. En la primera sesión, a ambos grupos se les enseñó la destreza, dos intentos de práctica después se aplicó el pretest, el TT de la destreza fue evaluado por medio de fotoceldas SmartspeedPro y en caso de tener errores técnicos se penalizaba sumándole una desviación estándar al TT. El tratamiento para cada grupo tuvo una duración de 12 minutos, donde el grupo de PF efectuó ejercicios de coordinación y el de PM realizó la secuencia de patadas ejecutada. Posteriormente, se aplicó la prueba de adquisición, y una semana después la prueba de retención. Al aplicar un ANOVA de 2 vías mixto con medidas repetidas en el último factor [grupo (2) x medición (3)] se encontró que no hubo diferencias significativas, lo que permite concluir que, en las condiciones estudiadas, ni la PM ni la PF presentaron un efecto sobre el TT al realizar una combinación de patadas por practicantes de taekwondo. Se recomienda aumentar el tiempo de la sesión.
Citas
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36. Jackson PL, Lafleur MF, Malouin F, Richards CL, Doyon J. Functional cerebral reorganization following motor sequence learning through mental practice with motor imagery. NeuroImage. 2003 Oct;20(2):1171–80.
37. Toth AJ, McNeill E, Hayes K, Moran AP, Campbell M. Does mental practice still enhance performance? A 24 Year follow-up and meta-analytic replication and extension. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2020 May, 48, 101672.
2. Liu H, Song L-P, Zhang T. Mental practice combined with physical practice to enhance hand recovery in stroke patients. Behav Neurol. 2014;2014:876416.
3. Magill R, Anderson. Motor Learning and Control: Concepts and Applications, 10th edition. Tenth Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education; 2013. 496 p.
4. Parnabas V, Parnabas J, Parnabas A. The Influence of Mental Imagery Techniques on Sport Performance among Taekwondo Athletes. Eur Acad Res. 2015;11(11):14729–14734.
5. Rozand V, Lebon F, Papaxanthis C, Lepers R. Does a Mental Training Session Induce Neuromuscular Fatigue?: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Oct;46(10):1981–9.
6. Slimani M, Tod D, Chaabene H, Miarka B, Chamari K. Effects of Mental Imagery on Muscular Strength in Healthy and Patient Participants: A Systematic Review. J Sports Sci Med. 15(3):434–50.
7. Frenkel MO, Herzig DS, Gebhard F, Mayer J, Becker C, Einsiedel T. Mental practice maintains range of motion despite forearm immobilization: a pilot study in healthy persons. J Rehabil Med. 2014 Mar;46(3):225–32.
8. Holmes PS, Collins DJ. The PETTLEP Approach to Motor Imagery: A Functional Equivalence Model for Sport Psychologists. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2001 Jan 1;13(1):60–83.
9. Azi̇mkhani̇ A, Abbasi̇an S, Ashkani̇ A, Gürsoy R, Skill N. The Combination of Mental and Physical Practices Is Better for Instruction of A. Beden Egitimi Ve Spor Bilim Derg. 7(2):179–87.
10. Gomes TVB, Ugrinowitsch H, Marinho N, Shea JB, Raisbeck LD, Benda RN. Effects of mental practice in novice learners in a serial positioning skill acquisition. Percept Mot Skills. 2014 Oct;119(2):397–414.
11. Wriessnegger SC, Steyrl D, Koschutnig K, Müller-Putz GR. Short time sports exercise boosts motor imagery patterns: implications of mental practice in rehabilitation programs. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8:469.
12. Hegazy K, Sherif AM, Houta SS. The Effect of Mental Training on Motor Performance of Tennis and Field Hockey Strokes in Novice Players. Adv Phys Educ. 5(02):77–83.
13. Lim T, O’Sullivan DM. Case Study of Mental Skills Training for a Taekwondo Olympian. J Hum Kinet. 2016 Apr 1;50(1):235–45.
14. Slimani M, Bragazzi NL, Tod D, Dellal A, Hue O, Cheour F, et al. Do cognitive training strategies improve motor and positive psychological skills development in soccer players? Insights from a systematic review. J Sports Sci. 2016 Dec 16;34(24):2338–49.
15. Vodičar J, Kovač E, Tušak M. Effectiveness of athletes’ pre-competition mental preparation. Kinesiol Slov. 2012;18(1):22–37.
16. Janvier BE, Innocent MS, Aimé TPJ, Michel BKJ, Rachel M, Martin MM, et al. Food Ration and Mental Training for the Improvement of the Free Throw Performance in Congolese Beginners Basketball Players. J Educ Train Stud. 2016 Oct 6;4(11):119–24.
17. Mostafa M. The effect of mental toughness training on elite athlete self-concept and record level of 50m crawl swimming for swimmers. Ovidius Univ Ann Ser Phys Educ SportScience Mov Health. 2015;15(2):468–73.
18. Parnabas V, Parnabas J, Parnabas A. The influence of mental imagery techniques on sport performance among hockey players-Indian Journals. Int J Phys Soc Sci. 5(4):271–225.
19. Wang Z, Wang S, Shi F-Y, Guan Y, Wu Y, Zhang L-L, et al. The effect of motor imagery with specific implement in expert badminton player. Neuroscience. 2014 Sep 5;275:102–12.
20. Navarro Navarro I, Araya Vargas G, Salazar Rojas W. Entrenamiento mental en karatecas: Efecto del tiempo de imaginación de una kata sobre el nivel de ejecución. Pensar En Mov Rev Cienc Ejerc Salud. 1969 Dec 31;2(1):55–60.
21. Matsuda T, Watanabe S, Kuruma H, Murakami Y, Watanabe R, Senoo A, et al. Neural Correlates of Chopsticks Exercise for the Non-Dominant Hand; Comparison Among the Movement, Images and Imitations. Rigakuryoho Kagaku. 2011;26(1):117–22.
22. Miller KJ, Schalk G, Fetz EE, Nijs M den, Ojemann JG, Rao RPN. Cortical activity during motor execution, motor imagery, and imagery-based online feedback. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010 Mar 2;107(9):4430–5.
23. Stecklow MV, Infantosi AFC, Cagy M. EEG changes during sequences of visual and kinesthetic motor imagery. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2010 Aug;68(4):556–61.
24. Guillot A, Collet C, Nguyen VA, Malouin F, Richards C, Doyon J. Brain activity during visual versus kinesthetic imagery: an fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Jul;30(7):2157–72.
25. Bridge CA, Ferreira da Silva Santos J, Chaabène H, Pieter W, Franchini E. Physical and Physiological Profiles of Taekwondo Athletes. Sports Med. 2014 Jun;44(6):713–33.
26. Marković G, Misigoj-Duraković M, Trninić S. Fitness profile of elite Croatian female taekwondo athletes. Coll Antropol. 2005 Jun;29(1):93–9.
27. Falco C, Alvarez O, Castillo I, Estevan I, Martos J, Mugarra F, et al. Influence of the distance in a roundhouse kick’s execution time and impact force in Taekwondo. J Biomech. 2009 Feb 9;42(3):242–8.
28. Taktek K, Zinsser N, St-John B. Visual versus kinesthetic mental imagery: efficacy for the retention and transfer of a closed motor skill in young children. Can J Exp Psychol Rev Can Psychol Exp. 2008 Sep;62(3):174–87.
29. Wilson VE, Dikman Z, Bird EI, Williams JM, Harmison R, Shaw-Thornton L, et al. EEG Topographic Mapping of Visual and Kinesthetic Imagery in Swimmers. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2016 Mar;41(1):121–7.
30. Meugnot A, Toussaint L. Functional plasticity of sensorimotor representations following short-term immobilization of the dominant versus non-dominant hands. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2015 Feb 1;155:51–6.
31. Stinear CM, Byblow WD, Steyvers M, Levin O, Swinnen SP. Kinesthetic, but not visual, motor imagery modulates corticomotor excitability. Exp Brain Res. 2006 Jan 1;168(1):157–64.
32. Guillot A, Lebon F, Rouffet D, Champely S, Doyon J, Collet C. Muscular responses during motor imagery as a function of muscle contraction types. Int J Psychophysiol. 2007 Oct 1;66(1):18–27.
33. Schuster C, Hilfiker R, Amft O, Scheidhauer A, Andrews B, Butler J, et al. Best practice for motor imagery: a systematic literature review on motor imagery training elements in five different disciplines. BMC Med. 2011 Jun 17;9(1):75.
34. Ericsson KA. Deliberate practice and the modifiability of body and mind: Toward a science of the structure and acquisition of expert and elite performance. Int J Sport Psychol. 2007;38(1):4–34.
35. Vyas S, Even-Chen N, Stavisky SD, Ryu SI, Nuyujukian P, Shenoy KV. Neural Population Dynamics Underlying Motor Learning Transfer. Neuron. 2018 Mar 7;97(5):1177-1186.e3.
36. Jackson PL, Lafleur MF, Malouin F, Richards CL, Doyon J. Functional cerebral reorganization following motor sequence learning through mental practice with motor imagery. NeuroImage. 2003 Oct;20(2):1171–80.
37. Toth AJ, McNeill E, Hayes K, Moran AP, Campbell M. Does mental practice still enhance performance? A 24 Year follow-up and meta-analytic replication and extension. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2020 May, 48, 101672.
Publicado
2021-09-20
Cómo citar
Chaves Fallas, M., Solórzano Fernández, M., Díaz, J., Monetro Herrera, B., & Carazo Vargas, P. (2021, septiembre 20). EFECTO DE LA PRÁCTICA MENTAL EN EL DESEMPEÑO DE UNA SECUENCIA DE DESTREZAS DE TAEKWONDO. Revista Horizonte Ciencias De La Actividad Física, 11(2), 1-11. Recuperado a partir de http://revistahorizonte.ulagos.cl/index.php/horizonte/article/view/181
Sección
CIENCIAS DEL DEPORTE Y EL ACONDICIONAMIENTO FÍSICO / SPORT SCIENCES AND PHYSICAL
