Efecto del ejercicio físico en la memoria en adultos mayores con diagnóstico de un trastorno neurocognitivo: una revisión sistemática.
Palabras clave:
Ejercicio, Memoria, Adulto mayor, Trastorno neurocognitivo
Resumen
Objetivo: destacar los conocimientos sobre los efectos del ejercicio físico en la memoria de adultos mayores y analizar qué tipo de ejercicio físico aporta mayor beneficio en relación con la memoria de personas mayores con diagnóstico de un trastorno neurocognitivo mediante una revisión sistemática de estudios científicos publicados en los últimos cinco años. Método: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en 8 bases de datos. Los criterios de elegibilidad fueron establecidos en base al acrónimo PICOS: (P) adulto mayor sobre 60 años, (I) protocolo de entrenamiento físico, (C) adulto mayor grupo control, (O) calidad de los protocolos, (S) ensayos controlados aleatorios, publicados entre 2014 y 2019. Resultados: se identificaron 261 artículos, de los cuales solo 9 cumplen con los criterios de inclusión. Las intervenciones más efectivas fueron las de carácter multicomponente. Conclusión: Las intervenciones de ejercicio si generan beneficios significativos desde los 24 meses de intervención sobre la memoria de adultos mayores con trastornos neurocognitivos.
Citas
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2. Águila, G., Termuna, B., & Subiabre, K. (2018). In Un Impacto de la estimulación de las funciones cognitivas mediante un protocolo de intervención a través de actividades psicomotrices en adultos mayores con trastorno cognitivo de demencia, pertenecientes a la residencia permanente Padre José Fernández Pér.
3. Arcoverde, C., Deslandes, A., Moraes, H., Almeida, C., Araujo, N., Vasques, P., . . . Laks, J. (2014). Treadmill training as an augmentation treatment for Alzheimer's disease: a pilot randomized controlled study. Arq Neuropsiquiatr., 72(3), 190-196. Retrieved from https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0004-282X2014000300190&script=sci_abstract&tlng=es
4. Atri, A. (2019, Marzo 01). The Alzheimer’s Disease Clinical Spectrum: Diagnosis and Management. Medical Clinics of North America, 103(2), 263-293.
5. Baron, S., Ulstein, I., & Werheid, K. (2015). Psychosocial interventions in Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: evidence for gender bias in clinical trials. Aging & mental health, 19(4), 290-305.
6. Bloom, B., Schnaider-Beeri,, M., Ravona-Springer, R., Heymann, A., Dabush, H., Bar, L., . . . Bahar-Fuchs, A. (2017, Noviembre). Computerized cognitive training for older diabetic adults at risk of dementia: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, 3(4), 636-650.
7. Brondino, N., Rocchetti, M., Fusar‐Poli, L., Codrons, E., Correale, L., Vandoni, M., . . . Politi, P. (2017, Enero 22). systematic review of cognitive effects of exercise in depression. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 135(4), 285-295.
8. Caracciolo, B., Xu, W., Collins, S., & Fratiglioni, L. (2014). Cognitive decline, dietary factors and gut–brain interactions. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 136-137, 59-69.
9. Cheung, D., Cheung, C., Wong, W., & Leung, M. (2016, Noviembre 07). The effects of the music-with-movement intervention on the cognitive functions of people with moderate dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Aging & Mental Health, 22(3), 306-315.
10. Collier, S., Monette, P., Hobbs, K., Tabasky, E., Forester, B., & Vahia, I. (2018, Julio 24). Mapping Movement: Applying Motion Measurement Technologies to the Psychiatric Care of Older Adults. Current psychiatry reports, 20(8), 64.
11. Cox, K. L., Cyarto, E. V., Ellis, K. A., Ames, D., Desmond, P., Phal, P., . . . Lautenschlager, N. (2019). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Adherence to a 24-Month Home-Based Physical Activity Program and the Health Benefits for Older Adults at Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: The AIBL Active-Study. J Alzheimers Dis., 70(1), 187-205. doi:10.3233/JAD-180521
12. Cui, M., Lin, Y., Sheng, J., Zhang, X., & Cui, R. (2018, Marzo 11). Exercise Intervention Associated with Cognitive Improvement in Alzheimer's Disease. Neural plasticity, 2018(9234105).
13. Di Loreto, S., Falone, S., D'Alessandro, A., Santini Jr, S., Sebastiani, P., Cacchio, M., & Amicarelli, F. (2014). Regular and moderate exercise initiated in middle age prevents age-related amyloidogenesis and preserves synaptic and neuroprotective signaling in mouse brain cortex. Experimental Gerontology, 57, 57-65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2014.05.006
14. Doniger, G., Schnaider , M., Bahar-Fuchs, A., Gottlieb, A., Kenan, H., Livny, A., . . . Plotnik, M. (2018). Virtual reality‐based cognitive‐motor training for middle‐aged adults at high Alzheimer's disease risk: A randomized controlled trial. Alzheimers Dement, 27(4), 118-129. doi:10.1016/j.trci.2018.02.005
15. Doniger, G., Schnaider, M., Bahar-Fuchs, A., Gottlieb, A., Tkachov, A., Kenan, H., . . . Plotnik, M. (2018). Virtual reality-based cognitive-motor training for middle-aged adults at high Alzheimer's disease risk: A randomized controlled trial. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, 4, 118-129.
16. Durazzo, T., Mattsson, N., & Weiner, M. (2014, Junio). Smoking and increased Alzheimer's disease risk: A review of potential mechanisms. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 10(35), 122-145.
17. Ferreira, L., Tanaka, K., Santos-Galduróz, R., & Galduróz, J. (2015). Respiratory training as strategy to prevent cognitive decline in aging: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging, 20(10), 593-603. Retrieved from https://www.dovepress.com/respiratory-training-as-strategy-to-prevent-cognitive-decline-in-aging-peer-reviewed-article-CIA
18. Fonte, C., Smania, N., Pedrinolla, A., Munari, D., Gandolfi, M., Picelli, A., . . . Venturelli, V. (2019, Mayo 24). Comparison between physical and cognitive treatment in patients with MIC and Alzheimer’s disease. Aging, 11(10), 3138–3155.
19. Fuhrmann, D., Nesbitt, D., Shafto, M., Rowe, J., Price, D., & Gadie, A. (2019, Febrero). Strong and specific associations between cardiovascular risk factors and white matter micro- and macrostructure in healthy aging. Neurobiology of Aging, 74, 46-55.
20. Galioto, R., Fedor, A., & Gunstad, J. (2015, Octubre 23). Possible neurocognitive benefits of exercise in persons with heart failure. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 12(6). Retrieved from https://eurapa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s11556-015-0151-x
21. Ho, R., Cheung, J., Chan, W., Cheung, I., & Lam, L. (2015). A 3-arm randomized controlled trial on the effects of dance movement intervention and exercises on elderly with early dementia. BMC Geriatrics, 15- 127. doi:10.1186/s12877-015-0123-z
22. Hsieh, C., Lin, P., Hsu, W., Wang, J., Huang, Y., Lim, A., & Hsu, Y. (2018, Diciembre). The Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality-Based Tai Chi Exercise on Cognitive and Physical Function in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders, 46(5-6), 358-370.
23. Jones Buie, J., Watson, L., Smith, C., & Sims-Robinson, C. (2019, Diciembre). Obesity-related cognitive impairment: The role of endothelial dysfunction. Neurobiology of Disease, 132(104580).
24. Karssemeijer, E., Aaronson, J., Bossers, W., Donders, R., Olde Rikkert, M., & Kessels, R. (2019, Enero 05). The quest for synergy between physical exercise and cognitive stimulation via exergaming in people with dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Alzheimers Res Ther, 11(3).
25. Kim, D., & Young, W. (2018, Noviembre 28). Effect of physical exercise on Alzheimer's disease. A sistematic review. DEMENTIA, 19(6), 2073-2089.
26. Kim, D., & Young, W. (2018, Noviembre 28). Multicomponent intervention combining a cognitive stimulation group and tai chi to reduce cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults with probable dementia: A multi-center, randomized controlled trial. DEMENTIA, 19(6), 2073-2089.
27. Lam, L., Ong, P., Dikot, Y., Sofiatin, Y., Wang, H., Zhao, M., . . . Lai, K. (2015, Septiembre). Intellectual and physical activities, but not social activities, are associated with better global cognition: a multi-site evaluation of the cognition and lifestyle activity study for seniors in Asia (CLASSA). Age and Ageing, 44(5), 835–840. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/44/5/835/52668
28. Lamb, S., Sheehan, B., Atherton, N., Nichols, V., Collins, H., Mistry, D., . . . Lall, R. (2018, Mayo 16). Dementia And Physical Activity (DAPA) trial of moderate to high intensity exercise training for people with dementia: randomised controlled trial. British Medical JournaL, 361.
29. Law, L., Mok, V., & Yau, M. (2019, Diciembre 04). Effects of functional tasks exercise on cognitive functions of older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Alzheimers Res Ther, 11(98).
30. Liang Tsai, C., Ukropec, J., Ukropcová, B., & Chyi Pai, M. (2018). An acute bout of aerobic or strength exercise specifically modifies circulating exerkine levels and neurocognitive functions in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment. NeuroImage: Clinical, 17, 272-284.
31. Ma, L., Zhang, L., Sun, F., Li, Y., & Tang, Z. (2019, Febrero 27). Cognitive function in Prefrail and frail community-dwelling older adults in China. BMC geriatrics, 19(1), 53.
32. Makizako, H., Ambrose, T., Shimada, H., Doi, T., Park, H., Tsutsumimoto, K., . . . Suzuki, T. (2015, Abril 04). Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity, Hippocampal Volume, and Memory in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 70(4), 480–486. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/70/4/480/571091
33. Mark, B., Borson, S., Huong, Q., Trittschuh, E., Stephen, M., Kenneth, C., . . . Vincent, S. (2016, Mayo). Associations of cognition with physical functioning and health-related quality of life among COPD patients. Respiratory Medicine, 114, 46-52.
34. McEwen, S., Siddarth, P., Rahi, B., Kim, Y., Mui, W., Wu, P., . . . Merrill, D. (2018). Simultaneous Aerobic Exercise and Memory Training Program in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Impairments. Revista de la enfermedad del Alzheimer, 62(2), 795-806. Retrieved from https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad170846
35. Messinge, B., & Rapport, Y. (2016). Aerobic Exercise Improves Cognitive Functioning in People With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(2), 546-554.
36. Miquel, S., Champ, C., Day, J., Aarts, E., Bahr, B., Bakker, M., . . . Geurts, L. (2018, Marzo). Poor cognitive ageing: Vulnerabilities, mechanisms and the impact of nutritional interventions. Ageing Research Reviews, 42, 40-55.
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Publicado
2021-06-17
Cómo citar
Henríquez Ávila, M., Lineros González, C., Rivera Barrientos, J., Basoalto Rojas, D., & Sobarzo, D. (2021, junio 17). Efecto del ejercicio físico en la memoria en adultos mayores con diagnóstico de un trastorno neurocognitivo: una revisión sistemática. Revista Horizonte Ciencias De La Actividad Física, 12(1), 50-69. Recuperado a partir de http://revistahorizonte.ulagos.cl/index.php/horizonte/article/view/195
Sección
NUMERO ESPECIAL
